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The Federation of Russia is divided into 85 constituent units known as federal subjects. Of the 85 federal subjects, 21 are republics (22 if Crimea is included). The republics of Russia differ from other federal subjects in that they operate under their own constitution and have a right to establish own language. The republics are also granted extensive autonomy, though the level of the autonomy varies. Before 2010, the chief executives were being referred to as presidents. However, the federal laws were amended which reserved the title exclusively to the head of state. The republics also have their own assemblies that have often passed laws that are at odds with the federal laws.

The Republics of Russia and Their Populations

Adygea

• Population: 440,388
• District: Southern Federal District (Europe)听
• Capital city: Maykop
• Languages: Russian, Adyghe听

Altai

• Population: 206,195
• District: Siberian Federal District (Asia)听
• Capital city: Gorno-Altaysk听
• Languages: Russian, Altay听

Bashkortostan

• Population: 4,072,102*听
• District: Volga (Europe)听
• Capital city: Ufa听
• Languages: Russian, Tatar, Bashkir听

*Most populated republic in Russia.听

叠耻谤测补迟颈补听

• Population: 972,658听
• District: Siberian Federal District (Asia)听
• Capital city: Ulan-Ude听
• Languages: Russian, Buryat听

Chechnya

• Population: 1,103,686
• District: North Caucasus (Europe)听
• Capital city: Grozny听听
• Languages: Russian, Chechen听

Chuvashia

• Population: 1,251,599听
• District: Volga (Europe)听
• Capital city: Cheboksary听
• Languages: Russian, Chuvash听

Crimea*

• Population: 2,284,769听
• District: Southern Federal District (Europe)听
• Capital city: Sevastopol听听
• Languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar听

*The Crimean peninsula is considered to be a part of Ukraine by most members of the international community.听

Dagestan

• Population: 2,576,531
• District: North Caucasus (Europe)听
• Capital city: Makhachkala听
• Languages: Russian, Dargwa听

Ingushetia

• Population: 467,294听
• District: North Caucasus (Europe)听
• Capital city: Magas听
• Languages: Russian, Ingush听

Kalmykia

• Population: 289,464
• District: Southern (Europe)听
• Capital city: Elista听
• Languages: Russian, Kalmyk听

碍补谤补肠丑补测-颁丑别谤办别蝉蝉颈补听

• Population: 478,517
• District: North Caucasian (Europe)听
• Capital city: Cherkessk听
• Languages: Russian, Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay, Nogai听

碍补产补谤诲颈苍辞-叠补濒办补谤颈补听

• Population: 859,802
• District: North Caucasian (Europe)听
• Capital city: Nalchik听
• Languages: Russian, Kabardian, Karachay-Balkar听

碍补谤别濒颈补听

• Population: 643,548
• District: Northwestern (Europe)听
• Capital city: Petrozavodsk听
• Languages: Russian

碍丑补办补蝉蝉颈补听

• Population: 532,403
• District: Siberian (Asia)听
• Capital city: Abakan
• Languages: Russian, Khakas听

碍辞尘颈听

• Population: 901,189
• District: Northwestern (Europe)听
• Capital city: Syktyvkar听
• Languages: Russian, 碍辞尘颈听

Mari El听

• Population: 696,357
• District: Volga (Europe)听听
• Capital city: Yoshkar-Ola听
• Languages: Russian, Mari听

Mordovia

• Population: 834,819
• District: Volga (Europe)听
• Capital city: Saransk听
• Languages: Russian, Mordvin听

North Ossetia-Alania

• Population: 712,877
• District: North Caucasian (Europe)听
• Capital city: Vladikavkaz听听
• Languages: Russian, Ossetian听

Sakha Republic

• Population: 958,291
• District: Far Eastern (Asia)听
• Capital city: Yakutsk听
• Languages: Russian, Yakut

Tatarstan听

• Population: 3,786,358
• District: Volga (Europe)听
• Capital city: Kyzyl听
• Languages: Russian, Tatarstan

Tuva听

• Population: 307,930
• District: Siberian (Asia)听
• Capital city: Elista听
• Languages: Russian, Tuvan听

Udmurtia听

• Population: 1,522,761
• District: Volga (Europe)听
• Capital city: Izhevsk
• Languages: Russian, Udmurt听

Status of the Republic of Crimea

The Republic of Crimea was annexed by Russia as one of its federal subjects in March 2014 following a takeover by the Russian Armed Forces. An unconstitutional referendum was conducted in 2014 with a large majority of Crimean expressing their desire to join with Russia. While Russia and some of the UN member countries recognize it as part of Russia, most of the international community and Ukraine do not recognize the accession and considers the Republic of Crimea as part of Ukraine. Some of the citizens of Crimea have also refused to get Russian citizenship with about 9,000 Crimean residents receiving Ukrainian passporst between March 2014 and October 2016.