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The government of Australia, also known as the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, is run through a federal parliamentary constitution monarchy. It is divided into the executive arm, legislative arm, and the judicial arm. The queen is head of state of Australia and she is represented by the governor general with executive powers as authorized by the constitutional convention. The governor general heads the executive branch and authorizes powers to the Australian cabinet which is headed by the prime minister. The premier is the head of the government. He also chairs the National Security Council. The article below highlights some people who have held the title of the Prime Minister of Australia.

Prominent Prime Ministers of Australia

Edmund Barton

Edmund Barton was a member of parliament in New South Wales before his appointment as Australia鈥檚 first premier. He was a political leader and a judge who was part of the federation movement whose aim was to form the Commonwealth states of Australia which was achieved in the 1890s. He was appointed the prime minister and was sworn in together with his ministers on January 1, 1901. The first mandate of his government was to conduct the first federal election which was held in March 1901. He was a moderate conservative which made him less popular with his Labor Party members. In 1903, he quit the position of prime minister to pursue his career as a judge of the High Court of Australia where he served until his death in 1920.

Joseph Cook

Joseph Cook was the sixth prime minister of Australia and one of the founding members of the Australian Labor party. He was first elected to the parliament of New South Wales in 1891 as MP to represent Hartley. In 1913, the Commonwealth Liberal Party, led by Cook, won the majority seat in the house. However, he could not govern effectively due to a hostile senate that had a Labor Party majority. He triggered a double dissolution after his frustration by the senate which rejected most of his bills resulting in an election in 1914. Cook was defeated during the September 1914 elections by Andrew Fisher鈥檚 Labor Party who also succeeded him as the prime minister. Cook served as Australian High Commissioner in London from 1921 to 1927 after his resignation from parliament. He died in 1947.

Malcolm Turnbull

Malcolm Turnbull was the 29th Australian prime minister. He joined politics in 1981 but his attempt to enter the Australian Parliament was not successful as he was defeated in a 1981 election. He first served as the parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party of Australia and later as the opposition leader. He was elected the parliamentary leader and prime minister in 2015. His government was re-elected in 2016. In 2016, Turnbull oversaw the agreement between Australia and the US to swap about 1,250 refugees on Nauru with thousands of refugees originating from Central America. His energy policy has included the wholesale dismissal of the renewable energy target. Turnbull is married to Lucy Hughes and together they have two children.

Appointment and Replacement of the Prime Minister

Despite the significance of the prime minister鈥檚 office, the constitution of Australia does not mention the office. The position only exists through longstanding tradition and political convention. However, it is the most powerful parliamentary position in the country. The prime minister is appointed and sworn in by the governor general. The premier is appointed from among the members of the house of representatives or senate. Traditionally the premier has always been appointed from the house although the constitution does not have such requirement. If a prime minister resigns or dies, the governor general will appoint the person elected as leader by the governing party as the new prime minister.